Miller Fisher Syndrome
Overview
Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) is a rare neurological disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves, often starting in the face. It primarily affects eye muscles, leading to difficulty in moving the eyes, and can also impact coordination and reflexes. MFS often follows a viral or bacterial infection.
Who Gets It?
- More common in people of Asian descent
- More frequent in men and those assigned male at birth
- Typically affects adults over 55
Differences from Guillain-Barré Syndrome
MFS is a variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), both being autoimmune diseases. MFS generally affects the upper body first, while GBS starts in the lower body and moves upward.
Symptoms
Symptoms appear suddenly and worsen over a few days, typically starting about 10 days post-infection. Common symptoms include:
- Balance problems
- Double vision
- Drooping eyelids
- Loss of tendon reflexes
- Facial paralysis
- Breathing and swallowing difficulties
Causes
MFS is triggered by the immune system mistakenly attacking nerves after an infection. Common triggers include infections by Campylobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, and Zika virus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a physical exam, symptom evaluation, and medical history review. Tests may include blood tests, electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and spinal taps.
Treatment
While there is no cure, treatments aim to stop the immune system from attacking nerves:
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy: Uses healthy antibodies from donors.
- Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): Filters harmful antibodies from the blood.
- Physical rehabilitation: Improves muscle strength and coordination.
Prevention
There is no definitive prevention, but reducing the risk of infections through hygiene practices can help:
- Avoid contact with sick individuals
- Wash hands frequently
- Use hand sanitizer
Outlook
The prognosis is positive with treatment. Most individuals recover within six months without serious long-term effects.
When to See a Doctor
Immediate medical attention is recommended for symptoms affecting reflexes, coordination, or muscle movements to rule out MFS or other nerve disorders.
