Abdominal Adhesions: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Symptoms and Causes
Symptoms:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Cramping
- Bloating
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal distension
- Obstipation (inability to pass gas or stool)
Causes:
- Abdominal or pelvic surgery
- Infections
- Inflammatory diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease, endometriosis)
- Radiation therapy
Diagnosis and Tests
Diagnosing abdominal adhesions typically involves reviewing the patient’s medical history and symptoms. Imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans can detect blockages, but not adhesions themselves. Surgery is the definitive method for diagnosis.
Management and Treatment
Most abdominal adhesions do not require treatment. Surgery may be necessary if adhesions cause severe complications, such as bowel obstructions or infertility. However, surgery can lead to more adhesions.
Prevention
Preventing adhesions is challenging. Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery can reduce their likelihood. Surgeons may use barrier products to prevent tissues from sticking together post-surgery.
Outlook / Prognosis
Many people with abdominal adhesions remain symptom-free. If complications arise, surgical intervention may be necessary, but the decision must weigh the risks of further adhesions.
Living With
Pain Relief:
- Over-the-counter pain medications
- Referral to a pain specialist
- Physical therapy techniques, such as soft tissue mobilization
Dietary Considerations: No specific dietary restrictions are required unless experiencing partial bowel obstruction, in which case a low-fiber diet may be recommended.
When to Seek Care: Seek medical attention for unexplained abdominal pain, difficulty in passing stool or gas, or symptoms indicative of a complete bowel obstruction.
