Thumb arthritis
Thumb arthritis
Thumb arthritis, a condition frequently associated with aging, occurs when the cartilage deteriorates from the ends of the bones forming the joint at the base of the thumb, medically known as the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.
This degeneration of cartilage can lead to severe pain, swelling, and a reduction in strength and range of motion, impeding simple tasks such as turning doorknobs and opening jars. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and splints, although severe cases may necessitate surgical intervention.
Symptoms
- Pain is often the primary and most prevalent symptom of thumb arthritis, particularly felt at the base of the thumb during gripping, grasping, or pinching objects.
- Additional signs and symptoms may include:
- Swelling, stiffness, and tenderness at the base of the thumb.
- Decreased strength when pinching or grasping objects.
- Reduced range of motion.
- Enlarged or bony appearance of the joint at the base of the thumb.
When to see a doctor
If you experience persistent swelling, stiffness, or pain at the base of your thumb, it is advisable to seek medical attention for further evaluation and management.
Causes
Thumb arthritis commonly develops with aging, although previous trauma or injury to the thumb joint can also precipitate its onset. In a normal thumb joint, cartilage acts as a cushion, allowing smooth bone movement. However, in thumb arthritis, this cartilage deteriorates, resulting in bone-on-bone contact, friction, and joint damage. Consequently, new bone growth may occur along the sides of existing bone, leading to noticeable lumps on the thumb joint.
Risk factors
Various factors can heighten the risk of thumb arthritis, including:
- Female sex.
- Age over 40 years.
- Obesity.
- Certain hereditary conditions affecting joint structure.
- Injuries to the thumb joint, such as fractures and sprains.
- Diseases altering the normal cartilage structure and function, such as rheumatoid arthritis. While osteoarthritis is the primary cause of thumb arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis can also impact the CMC joint, albeit to a lesser extent than other hand joints.
- Activities or occupations that exert high stress on the thumb joint.
